Cybersecurity in times of quantum computing

Private data such as bank details or credit card details can only be exchanged if secure communication that cannot be intercepted by third parties is guaranteed. Cryptography and Internet security are among the fields that are likely to be most affected by the changes brought about by quantum computing. So far, most and best encryption techniques are based on so-called one-way functions. These are very easy to compute in one direction. However, to infer the original values from the result requires more computational effort than today's computers can handle. This makes this type of encryption secure. One of the best-known one-way functions is prime factorization, the division of large prime numbers into their smallest factors. 



 

Unlike classical computers, quantum computers can solve problems such as prime factorization and other one-way functions in a matter of minutes. Conventional encryption methods lose their relevance in one fell swoop due to quantum computing. Therefore, scientists are already working on new methods that cannot be easily circumvented even by quantum computers. So-called post-quantum cryptography is therefore currently a booming branch of research. 

 

 

Since this field is making similar progress to the development of quantum computers, it is likely that new encryption methods will be available in time. The Internet will therefore not suddenly become an insecure medium. Nevertheless, as quantum computers become more widespread, the transition will very likely be accompanied by some significant changes.